Terminology
Part of practicing Taekwon-Do is to be proficient in the basic Korean terms. This is for a number of reasons. First, it is out of respect for the heritage and History of Taekwon-Do and its Origins in Korea. Secondly, it is so a Taekwon-Do student can train anywhere in the world and join in understanding the commands given.
The beginner must learn the basics such as being able to count to 10, fist, punch, stance and block. As the student progresses further in their training they must be able to name every technique they perform in Korean.
On this page all the terminology up to and beyond what a student would need up to Black Belt. Lists of what Korean you need for each belt is in the Grading section. This is a resource page for students of Olympus Taekwon-Do and any visiting students who are browsing.
Counting
Counting one to ten
1-Ha-na
2-Dool
3-Set
4-Net
5-Ta-sot
6-Ya-sot
7-Il-gop
8-Yo-dol
9-A-hop
10-Yul
Counting eleven to twenty
11-Yul Ha-na
12-Yul Dool
13-Yul Set
14-Yul Net
15-Yul Ta-sot
16-Yul Ya-sot
17-Yul Il-gop
18-Yul Yo-dol
19-Yul A-hop
20-Samul
Counting in tens to one-hundred
10-Yul
20-Samul
30-Sorun
40-Mahun
50-Chiun
60-Yasun
70-Irrun
80-Yodun
90-Ahun
100-Pek
Basics
Training Hall – Do-jang
Training Suit – Do-bok
Belt – Ti (pronounced ‘Tie’)
Instructor – Sebum
Student – Jeja
Attention – Charyot
Bow – Kyong-ye
Ready – Junbi
Start – Si-jak
Stop – Goman
Return to ready stance – Baro
Dismiss – Haessan
About turn – Dwiryro Torro
Spot Turn – Gijari-Dolgi
Relax – Swiyo
Pattern – Tul
Four directional punch exercise – Saju Jirugi
Stances
Sitting Stance – Annun Sogi
Parallel Stance – Narani Sogi
Parallel Ready Stance – Narani Junbi Sogi
Attention Stance – Charyot Sogi
L Stance – Niunja Sogi
Close Ready Stance ‘A’ – Moa Junbi Sogi ‘A’
Close Ready Stance ‘B’ – Moa Junbi Sogi ‘B’
Close Ready Stance ‘C’ – Moa Junbi Sogi ‘C’
Bending ‘A’ Stance – Giburyo Sogi ‘A’
Bending ‘B’ Stance – Giburyo Sogi ‘B’
Vertical Stance– Soojik Sogi
Fixed Stance – Gojung Sogi
X Stance – Kyocha Sogi
Low Stance – Nachuo Sogi
Rear Foot Stance – Dwitbal Sogi
One-Leg Stance – Waeybel Sogi
Diagonal Stance- Sasun Sogi
Whichever foot the most weight is resting on (or is bent the most), this is the name given to the stance: e.g. an L stance with left leg bent
Arm And Hand Parts/Attacks
Forearm – Palmok
Inner forearm – An Palmok
Outer forearm – Bakat Palmok
Back forearm – Dung Palmok
Elbow – Palkup
Fore fist – Ap Joomuk
Back fist – Dung Joomuk
Knife hand – Sonkal
Reverse knife hand – Sonkal Dung
Fingertip – Sonkut
Knuckle – Songarak
Palm heel – Sombadak
Flat finger tip thrust – Opun Sonkut Tulgi
Straight fingertip thrust – Sun Sonkut Tulgi
Back fist strike – Dung Joomuk Tirigi
Back fist side strike – Dung Joomuk Yop Tirigi
Knife hand strike – Sonkal Tirigi
Knife hand side strike – Sonkal Yop Tirigi
Knife hand inward strike – Sonkal Anuro Tirigi
Back elbow strike – Dwit Palkup Tirigi
Side elbow strike – Yop Palkup Tirigi
Front Elbow Strike – Ap Palkup Tirigi
Upper Elbow Strike – Wi Palkup Tirigi
Straight Elbow Strike – Sun Palkup Tirigi
Double Side Elbow Strike – Jau Palkup Tirigi
Arc Hand – Bandal Son
Upset fingertip thrust – Dwijibun Sonkut Tulgi
Downward knifehand strike – Naeryo sonkal Tirigi
Bear Hand – Gomson
Knife hand inward high strike- Sonkal Nopunde Anuro Tirigi
Reverse knifehand high strike- Sonkal Dung Nopunde Tirigi
Finger Belly- Songarak Badak
Grab – Japgi
Release from grab – Pulgi
Twisting Release – Bituro Pulgi
Pulling Release – Dangimyo Pulgi
Wedging Release – Hetcho Pulgi
Turning Release – Dolly Pulgi
Counter Attack Release – Yop Gong Kak Pulgi
Breaking Release – Gok Gok Pulgi
Punching
Punch – Jirugi
Obverse punch – Baro Jirugi
Reverse punch – Bandae Jirugi
Vertical punch – Sewo Jirugi
Side punch – Yop Jirugi
Twin vertical punch – Sang Sewo Jirugi
Twin upset punch – Sang Dwijibo Jirugi
Turning Punch – Dollyo Jirugi
Upward punch – Ollyo Jirugi
Upset punch- Dwijibo Jirugi
Downward punch- Naeryo Jirugi
Crescent Punch- Bandal Jirugi
U shape Punch- Digutja Jirugi
Horizontal Punch- Soopyong Jirugi
Knuckle fist Punch- Songarak Joomuk Jirugi
Foot Parts
Ball of the foot=Ap Kumchi
Foot sword=Balkal
Back Sole=Dwit Kumchi
Knee= Moorup
Back Heel= Dwitchook
Instep= Baldung
Side Instep= Yop Baldung
Reverse Footsword=Balkal Dung
Side Sole=Yop Bal Badak
Toes=Balkut
(toes used to attack scrotum=Nang Shim)
Body Parts
Skull=Dae Sin Moon
Temple= Gwanja Nori
Bridge of the Nose= Migan
Eyeball= Angoo
Mastrid= Hooiboo
Philtrum=Injoong
Jaw= Yop tok
Point of the chin= Mit tok
Lips= Ipsul
Angel of the mandible= Wit Tok
Upper neck= Wit Mok
Adam’s apple= Gyol hoo
Windpipe= Soom tong
Collar Bone=Swe Gol
Wrist Joint= Sonmok gwanjol
Shoulder joint= Eukke gwanjol
Nose= Kotdung
Neck Artery= Mok Dongmaek
Sternum=Hyung gol
Heart= Shim jang
Solar plexus= Myong chi
Liver= Gan Jang
Umbilicus= Baekkob
Lower Abdomen= Ha bokboo
Pubic region= Chiboo
Groin= Sataguni
Scrotum= Nang Shim
Instep= BaldungUpper Back= Gyon gap
Small of the back= Gyong chu
Kidney= Kongpat
Coccyx= Migol
Backs of knees= Ogum
Achilles Tendon= Dwichuck himjool
Ankle joint= Balmok gwanjol
Elbow joint= Palgup gwanjol
Armpit= Gyodurang
Floating ribs= Nuk gol
Knee joint= Murup gwanjol
Inner thigh= Anjok hobok dari
Tibia= Kyong gol
Joint= Gwanjol
Finger= Songarak
Head=Mori
Forehead=Ima
Shoulder=Euhke
Shin= Jong Kwaengi
Neck=Mok
Chest=Gasum
Abdomen=Bokboo